.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-*.pyc

README.mdown

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 # What is this?
 
-A DCPU-16 implementation in Python. See [the spec][0].
+A DCPU-16 implementation in Python. See [the spec](http://0x10c.com/doc/dcpu-16.txt).
 
-# Goal
+# But what's the goal of this? There's another one already!
 
-Many high-level implementations looked like C-in-other-language, so let's have a pythonic enough (whatever that means, but you should [read][1] [this][2]) implementation. The spirit of the thing is to be educative for everyone.
+Well, what's wrong with taking another stab at it? Besides, I personnally felt it was too C-ish, and not pythonic enough (whatever that means). I wanted to revive whatever low-level (admittedly limited) ASM knowledge I had (from 6800/68000) and sharpen my Python-fu. The spirit of the thing is to be educative for everyone (including me).
 
-# Usage
+# How do I use this?
 
-It's meant to be used interactively via the Python REPL as well as programmatically. A specific ASM REPL might be implemented at some point.
+It's meant to be used interactively via the Python REPL as well as programmatically. I might implement a specific ASM REPL at some point.
 
 An example of a Python REPL session:
 
-    >>> from dcpu_16 import CPU, spec_demo
+    >>> from dcpu_16 import CPU
     >>> c = CPU(debug=True)
-    >>> c.load_m(spec_demo)         # loads demo program
+    >>> c.load_m()                  # loads demo program
     >>> c.step()                    # step by one instruction
      << SET
      << c.r[0x0]
@@ -31,21 +31,7 @@ An example of a Python REPL session:
     >>> c.dump_r()                  # get CPU register state as string
     'A=0000 B=0000 C=0000 X=0000 Y=0000 Z=0000 I=0000 J=0000 PC=0000 SP=0000 O=0000'
 
-# Status
+# What is the status of this?
 
-As of v1.0 the CPU implementation ought to be complete according to DCPU-16 spec v1.1.
+It's not bug-free yet, the implementation itself is still a WIP and the whole of the spec example does not pass yet. But hey, that's what you get in a few late hours. Fixes coming, I promise.
 
-# Features
-
-Opcodes and valcodes are as declarative as possible using decorators, leaving the dispatcher as a quasi-one-liner and leveraging `dict` power instead of `if`/`elif`.
-
-Using functions/methods mean there are doctrings everywhere, hence documentation is both very local and as exhaustive as possible. Try `help(dcpu_16)`.
-
-You can use `cpu[]` to dispatch valcodes and get/set directly without having to handle a pointer structure.
-
-
-The CPU is a class, so you can instantiate a bunch of them. I might move memory outside the CPU so that it would be shared by CPU instances (SMP!)
-
-[0]: http://0x10c.com/doc/dcpu-16.txt
-[1]: http://www.dabeaz.com/generators/
-[2]: http://www.dabeaz.com/coroutines/

dcpu_16.py

@@ -1,48 +1,32 @@
-"""DCPU-16 implementation. (c) 2012, Loic Nageleisen
-
-Spec: http://0x10c.com/doc/dcpu-16.txt
-
-See LICENSE for licensing information.
-"""
-
-
 from __future__ import print_function, division
 
-
-# DCPU-16 spec version
-spec = '1.1'
-
-
-# log tool
 def log(string):
     print(" << %s" % string)
 
-# width constants
+#http://0x10c.com/doc/dcpu-16.txt
+spec = '1.1'
+
 w = 16
-wmask = 2**w - 1
+wmask = 2**w-1
+
+literals = [l for l in xrange(0, 0x20)]
+
+opcode_map = {}
+valcode_map = {}
 
 
-_opcode_map = {}
 class opcode(object):
-    """Opcode decorator"""
     def __init__(self, *opcode):
         self.opcode = opcode
 
     def __call__(self, f):
         _opcode_f = f
         _opcode_f.opcode = self.opcode
-        if len(self.opcode) == 1:
+        opcode_map[self.opcode] = _opcode_f
-            _opcode_map[self.opcode[0]] = _opcode_f
-        else:
-            if not self.opcode[0] in _opcode_map.keys():
-                _opcode_map[self.opcode[0]] = {}
-            _opcode_map[self.opcode[0]][self.opcode[1]] = _opcode_f
         return _opcode_f
 
 
-_valcode_map = {}
 class valcode(object):
-    """Valcode decorator"""
     def __init__(self, valcode):
         self.valcode = valcode
 
@@ -52,60 +36,18 @@ class valcode(object):
         try:
             for code in self.valcode:
                 # currify with (bound) code
-                _valcode_map[code] = lambda c, code=code: _valcode_f(c, code)
+                valcode_map[code] = lambda c, code=code: _valcode_f(c, code)
-                _valcode_map[code].__name__ = '%s(code=0x%02X)' % (_valcode_f.__name__, code)
+                valcode_map[code].__name__ = '%s(code=0x%02X)' % (_valcode_f.__name__, code)
         except TypeError:
-            _valcode_map[self.valcode] = _valcode_f
+            valcode_map[self.valcode] = _valcode_f
         return _valcode_f
 
 
-class Register(object):
-    """Register descriptor"""
-    def __init__(self, regcode=None):
-        self.regcode = regcode
-
-    def __get__(self, c, type=None):
-        if self.regcode is not None:
-            return c.r[self.regcode]
-        else:
-            return self.value
-
-    def __set__(self, c, value):
-        if self.regcode is not None:
-            c.r[self.regcode] = value & wmask
-        else:
-            self.value = value & wmask
-
-def make_pointer(c, codestr):
-    """creates a pointer func that evaluates codestr"""
-    def getter(c=c):
-        return eval("%s" % codestr)
-    def setter(data, c=c):
-        exec("%s = %r" % (codestr, data)) in {}, {'c': c, 'data': data}
-    pointer     = getter
-    pointer.codestr = codestr
-    pointer.set = setter
-    return pointer
-
-def pointerize(f):
-    """wraps a function that generates a codestr to create a pointer"""
-    if f.func_code.co_argcount == 1:
-        ptrz = lambda c: make_pointer(c, f(c))
-    elif f.func_code.co_argcount == 2:
-        ptrz = lambda c, code: make_pointer(c, f(c, code))
-    else:
-        raise Exception('%s has too many arguments' % f.__name__)
-    ptrz.__name__ = 'ptr_to_%s' % f.__name__
-    ptrz.__doc__ = f.__doc__
-    return ptrz
-
-
 @opcode(0x0, 0x01)
 def JSR(c, a):
     """pushes the address of the next instruction to the stack, then sets PC to a"""
-    c.sp -= 1
+    #pushnext
-    c.m[c.sp] = c.pc
+    c.pc = c[a]
-    c.pc = a()
 
 @opcode(0x1)
 def SET(c, a, b):
@@ -141,8 +83,8 @@ def MUL(c, a, b):
 @opcode(0x5)
 def DIV(c, a, b):
     """sets a to a/b, sets O to ((a<<16)/b)&0xFFFF"""
-    res = a() // b()
+    res = a() / b()
-    c.o = ((a() << w) // b()) & wmask
+    c.o = ((a() << w) / b()) & wmask
     a.set(res)
 
 @opcode(0x6)
@@ -192,40 +134,56 @@ def XOR(c, a, b):
 def IFE(c, a, b):
     """performs next instruction only if a==b"""
     if a() == b():
-        c.skip = False
-    else:
         c.skip = True
 
 @opcode(0xD)
 def IFN(c, a, b):
     """performs next instruction only if a!=b"""
     if a() != b():
-        c.skip = False
-    else:
         c.skip = True
 
 @opcode(0xE)
 def IFG(c, a, b):
     """performs next instruction only if a>b"""
     if a() > b():
-        c.skip = False
-    else:
         c.skip = True
 
 @opcode(0xF)
 def IFB(c, a, b):
     """performs next instruction only if (a&b)!=0"""
     if (a() & b()) != 0:
-        c.skip = False
-    else:
         c.skip = True
 
 
+def make_pointer(c, codestr):
+    """creates a pointer func that evaluates codestr"""
+    def getter(c=c):
+        return eval("%s" % codestr)
+    def setter(data, c=c):
+        exec("%s = %r" % (codestr, data)) in {}, {'c': c, 'data': data}
+    pointer     = getter
+    pointer.codestr = codestr
+    pointer.set = setter
+    return pointer
+
+def pointerize(f):
+    """wraps a function that generates a codestr to create a pointer"""
+    if f.func_code.co_argcount == 1:
+        ptrz = lambda c: make_pointer(c, f(c))
+    elif f.func_code.co_argcount == 2:
+        ptrz = lambda c, code: make_pointer(c, f(c, code))
+    else:
+        raise Exception('%s has too many arguments' % f.__name__)
+    ptrz.__name__ = 'ptr_to_%s' % f.__name__
+    ptrz.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+    return ptrz
+
 @valcode(range(0x00, 0x08))
 @pointerize
 def register(c, code):
     """register"""
     v = "c.r[0x%01X]" % code
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(range(0x08, 0x10))
@@ -233,13 +191,15 @@ def register(c, code):
 def register_value(c, code):
     """[register]"""
     v = "c.m[c.r[0x%01X]]" % (code-0x07)
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(range(0x10, 0x18))
 @pointerize
 def next_word_plus_register_value(c, code):
     """[next word + register]"""
-    v = "c.m[0x%04X + c.r[0x%01X]]" % (c.m[c.pc], code-0x0F)
+    v = "c.m[0x%04X + 0x%01X]" % (c.m[c.pc], code-0x0F)
+    log(v)
     c.pc += 1
     return v
 
@@ -248,6 +208,7 @@ def next_word_plus_register_value(c, code):
 def pop(c):
     """POP / [SP++]"""
     v = "c.m[0x%04X]" % c.sp
+    log(v)
     c.sp += 1
     return v
 
@@ -256,6 +217,7 @@ def pop(c):
 def peek(c):
     """PEEK / [SP]"""
     v = "c.m[0x%04X]" % c.sp
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(0x1A)
@@ -264,6 +226,7 @@ def push(c):
     """PUSH / [--SP]"""
     c.sp -= 1
     v = "c.m[0x%04X]" % c.sp
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(0x1B)
@@ -271,6 +234,7 @@ def push(c):
 def stack_pointer(c):
     """stack pointer"""
     v = "c.sp"
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(0x1C)
@@ -278,6 +242,7 @@ def stack_pointer(c):
 def program_counter(c):
     """program counter"""
     v = "c.pc"
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(0x1D)
@@ -285,6 +250,7 @@ def program_counter(c):
 def overflow(c):
     """overflow"""
     v = "c.o"
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(0x1E)
@@ -293,6 +259,7 @@ def next_word_value(c):
     """[next_word]"""
     v = "c.m[0x%04X]" % c.m[c.pc]
     c.pc += 1
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(0x1F)
@@ -301,6 +268,7 @@ def next_word(c):
     """next_word (literal)"""
     v = "c.m[0x%04X]" % c.pc
     c.pc += 1
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 @valcode(range(0x20, 0x40))
@@ -308,34 +276,13 @@ def next_word(c):
 def literal(c, code):
     """literal value 0x00-0x1F (literal)"""
     v = "0x%04X" % (code - 0x20)
+    log(v)
     return v
 
 
-class Memory(object):
-    """array of 16-bit words"""
-    def __init__(m, debug=False):
-        m.clear()
-
-    def clear(m):
-        """clear memory"""
-        # TODO: (addr, len) memory range to clear
-        m.w = [0 for _ in xrange(0, 2**w)]
-
-    def __getitem__(m, addr):
-        """get word at addr"""
-        return m.w[addr]
-
-    def __setitem__(m, addr, value):
-        """assignment truncates values to 16-bit words"""
-        # TODO: multi-word assignment starting at addr when value is list
-        m.w[addr] = value & wmask
-
 
 class CPU(object):
-    """DCPU-16"""
+    def __init__(c, debug=False):
-    def __init__(c, memory=Memory(), debug=False):
-        """If you don't specify memory, CPUs will share the same, default memory object"""
-        c.m = memory
         c.clear()
         c.reset()
         c.debug = debug
@@ -350,77 +297,41 @@ class CPU(object):
 
     def clear(c):
         """clear memory"""
-        c.m.clear()
+        c.m = [0 for _ in xrange(0, 2**w)]
-
-    a = Register(0x0)
-    b = Register(0x1)
-    c = Register(0x2)
-    x = Register(0x3)
-    y = Register(0x4)
-    z = Register(0x5)
-    i = Register(0x6)
-    j = Register(0x7)
-    pc = Register()
-    sp = Register()
-    o = Register()
-
-    def _op(c, word):
-        """dispatch word to op and args"""
-        opcode = word & 0xF
-        a_code = word >>  4 & 0x3F
-        b_code = word >> 10 & 0x3F
-        try:
-            op = _opcode_map[opcode]
-            try:
-                op = op[a_code]
-            except TypeError:
-                args = (c._pointer(a_code),
-                        c._pointer(b_code))
-            else:
-                args = (c._pointer(b_code),)
-            finally:
-                if c.debug:
-                    log(' '.join([op.__name__] + [arg.codestr for arg in args]))
-        except KeyError:
-            raise Exception('Invalid opcode %s at PC=%04X' % (["%02X"%x for x in opcode], c.pc))
-        return op, args
 
     def _pointer(c, code):
-        """get pointer to valcode"""
+        """get pointer to value code"""
         try:
-            return _valcode_map[code](c)
+            return valcode_map[code](c)
         except KeyError:
-            raise Exception("Invalid valcode")
+            raise Exception("Invalid value code")
 
     def __getitem__(c, code):
-        """get value of valcode"""
+        """get pointer to value"""
         return c._pointer(code)()
 
     def __setitem__(c, code, value):
-        """set value at valcode"""
+        """set value at pointer"""
         c._pointer(code).set(value)
 
     def step(c):
         """start handling [PC]"""
         word = c.m[c.pc]
         c.pc += 1
-        op, args = c._op(word)
+        opcode = word & 0xF
+        try:
+            op = opcode_map[(opcode,)]
+            log(op.__name__)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise Exception('Invalid opcode %01X at PC=%04X' % (opcode, c.pc))
+        a = c._pointer(word >>  4 & 0x3F)
+        b = c._pointer(word >> 10 & 0x3F)
         if c.skip:
             c.skip = False
-            if c.debug: log("Skipped")
         else:
-            op(c, *args)
+            op(c, a, b)
-        if c.debug: log(c.dump_r())
+        if c.debug:
-
+            log(c.dump_r())
-    def run(c):
-        """step until PC is constant"""
-        last_pc = 0xFFFF
-        last_sp = 0xFFFF
-        while c.pc != last_pc or c.sp != last_sp:
-            last_pc = c.pc
-            last_sp = c.sp
-            c.step()
-        log("Infinite loop")
 
     def dump_r(c):
         """human-readable register status"""
@@ -433,9 +344,15 @@ class CPU(object):
                   (c.r + [c.pc, c.sp, c.o])[i])
                 for i in range(11))
 
-    def load_m(c, data=None, io=None):
+    def load_m(c, io=None):
         """load data in memory"""
         # TODO: load from io object
+        data = [
+            0x7c01, 0x0030, 0x7de1, 0x1000, 0x0020, 0x7803, 0x1000, 0xc00d,
+            0x7dc1, 0x001a, 0xa861, 0x7c01, 0x2000, 0x2161, 0x2000, 0x8463,
+            0x806d, 0x7dc1, 0x000d, 0x9031, 0x7c10, 0x0018, 0x7dc1, 0x001a,
+            0x9037, 0x61c1, 0x7dc1, 0x001a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+        ]
         for i in xrange(len(data)):
             c.m[i] = data[i]
 
@@ -445,9 +362,3 @@ class CPU(object):
         pass
 
 
-spec_demo = [
-    0x7c01, 0x0030, 0x7de1, 0x1000, 0x0020, 0x7803, 0x1000, 0xc00d,
-    0x7dc1, 0x001a, 0xa861, 0x7c01, 0x2000, 0x2161, 0x2000, 0x8463,
-    0x806d, 0x7dc1, 0x000d, 0x9031, 0x7c10, 0x0018, 0x7dc1, 0x001a,
-    0x9037, 0x61c1, 0x7dc1, 0x001a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
-]

test.py

@@ -1,327 +0,0 @@
-import unittest
-import random
-import dcpu_16
-from dcpu_16 import CPU
-
-class TestInstructions(unittest.TestCase):
-    """Instruction set"""
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        pass
-
-    def test_SET(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x1,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x0
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.SET(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-
-    def test_ADD(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x2,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.ADD(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17+0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_SUB(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x3,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x42
-        c.b = 0x17
-        dcpu_16.SUB(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x42-0x17)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x17)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_MUL(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x4,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.MUL(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17*0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_DIV(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x5,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.DIV(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17/0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, ((0x17<<16)/0x42)&0xFFFF)
-
-    def test_MOD(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x6,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.MOD(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17%0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_SHL(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x7,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x4
-        dcpu_16.SHL(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17<<0x4 & dcpu_16.wmask)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x4)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_SHR(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x8,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.SHR(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17>>0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_AND(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0x9,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.AND(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17&0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_BOR(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0xA,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.BOR(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17|0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_XOR(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0xB,)
-        c = CPU()
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.XOR(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x17^0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.b, 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0x0)
-
-    def test_IFE(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0xC,)
-        c = CPU()
-
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.IFE(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, True)
-
-        c.a = 0x42
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.IFE(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-
-    def test_IFN(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0xD,)
-        c = CPU()
-
-        c.a = 0x17
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.IFN(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-
-        c.a = 0x42
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.IFN(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, True)
-
-    def test_IFG(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0xE,)
-        c = CPU()
-
-        c.a = 0x41
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.IFG(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, True)
-
-        c.a = 0x42
-        c.b = 0x42
-        dcpu_16.IFG(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, True)
-
-        c.a = 0x42
-        c.b = 0x41
-        dcpu_16.IFG(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-
-    def test_IFB(self):
-        dcpu_16.SET.opcode = (0xF,)
-        c = CPU()
-
-        c.a = 0xF0F0
-        c.b = 0x0F0F
-        dcpu_16.IFB(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, True)
-
-        c.a = 0xF1F0
-        c.b = 0x0F0F
-        dcpu_16.IFB(c, c._pointer(0x0), c._pointer(0x1))
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-
-    def test_JSR(self):
-        dcpu_16.JSR.opcode = (0x0, 0x1)
-        c = CPU()
-
-        c.a = 0xDEAD
-        c.pc = 0xBEEF
-        dcpu_16.JSR(c, c._pointer(0x0))
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 0xDEAD)
-        self.assertEqual(c.sp, 0xFFFF)
-        self.assertEqual(c.m[0xFFFF], 0xBEEF)
-
-
-class TestCPU(unittest.TestCase):
-    """CPU behavior"""
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        pass
-
-    def test_initial_state(self):
-        """Initial state shall be all zero"""
-        c = CPU()
-        for r in c.r:
-            self.assertEqual(r, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.sp, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 0)
-        for r in c.m:
-            self.assertEqual(r, 0)
-
-    def test_reset(self):
-        """Reset shall bring CPU register state to initial"""
-        c = CPU()
-        for i in xrange(0x8):
-            c.r[i] = random.randrange(0x10000)
-        c.reset()
-        for r in c.r:
-            self.assertEqual(r, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.o, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.sp, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 0)
-
-    def test_clear(self):
-        """Clear shall zero memory"""
-        c = CPU()
-        for i in xrange(0x10000):
-            c.m[i] = random.randrange(0x10000)
-        c.clear()
-        for r in c.m:
-            self.assertEqual(r, 0)
-
-class TestCPUWithPrograms(unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUP(self):
-        pass
-
-    def test_spec_demo(self):
-        c = CPU()
-        data = [
-            0x7c01, 0x0030, 0x7de1, 0x1000, 0x0020, 0x7803, 0x1000, 0xc00d,
-            0x7dc1, 0x001a, 0xa861, 0x7c01, 0x2000, 0x2161, 0x2000, 0x8463,
-            0x806d, 0x7dc1, 0x000d, 0x9031, 0x7c10, 0x0018, 0x7dc1, 0x001a,
-            0x9037, 0x61c1, 0x7dc1, 0x001a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
-        ]
-        c.load_m(data=data)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 0)
-        c.step() # SET A, 0x30
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x30)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 2)
-        c.step() # SET [0x1000], 0x20
-        self.assertEqual(c.m[0x1000], 0x20)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 5) 
-        c.step() # SUB A, [0x1000]
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x10)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 7)
-        c.step() # IFN A, 0x10
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 8)
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, True)
-
-        c.step() # skip SET PC, crash
-        self.assertEqual(c.skip, False)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 10)
-        c.step() # SET I, 10
-        self.assertEqual(c.i, 0x0A)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 11)
-        c.step() # SET A, 0x2000
-        self.assertEqual(c.a, 0x2000)
-
-        for i in range(10, 0, -1):
-            self.assertEqual(c.pc, 13)
-            c.step() # SET [0x2000+I], [A]
-            self.assertEqual(c.m[0x2000+i], 0x0)
-
-            self.assertEqual(c.pc, 15)
-            c.step() # SUB I, 1
-            self.assertEqual(c.i, i-1)
-
-            self.assertEqual(c.pc, 16)
-            c.step() # IFN I, 0
-            self.assertEqual(c.skip, i-1==0)
-
-            self.assertEqual(c.pc, 17)
-            c.step() # SET PC, loop (with skip if c.i==0)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 19)
-        c.step() # SET X, 0x4
-        self.assertEqual(c.x, 0x4)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 20)
-        c.step() # JSR testsub
-        self.assertEqual(c.sp, 0xFFFF)
-        self.assertEqual(c.m[0xFFFF], 22)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 24)
-        c.step() # SHL X, 4
-        self.assertEqual(c.x, 0x40)
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 25)
-        c.step() # SET PC, POP
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 22)
-        c.step() # SET PC, crash
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 26)
-        c.step() # SET PC, crash
-
-        self.assertEqual(c.pc, 26)
-        # endless loop
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    cases = [
-            'test.TestInstructions',
-            'test.TestCPU',
-            'test.TestCPUWithPrograms'
-            ]
-    suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(cases)
-    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)